Background&aim: According to the previous studies, anxiety along with some other psychiatric disorders is common among mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Since maternal anxiety affects mother-child interactions, early treatment plays an important role in the prognosis of ADHD in children. This study aimed to determine the relationship between maternal anxiety and hyperactivity in children.Methods: This study was conducted on 112 mothers of ADHD children (aged 6-12 years), selected via convenience sampling from October to December 2012. The subjects lived in districts 2 and 6 of Tehran and were referred to consultation centers. Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS-42) and Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAP-IV) questionnaires were completed by the subjects. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used for the analysis of the relationship between variables.Results: A positive correlation was found between maternal anxiety and children’s hyperactivity (P=0.05). In fact, high levels of maternal anxiety are accounted for various child-rearing problems such as children’s hyperactivity.Conclusion: High levels of maternal anxiety lead to child rearing problems, which in turn cause various disorders such as hyperactivity in children.

Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is usually accompanied with other comorbidities that make treatment suboptimal and results in inadequate outcomes. Investigating the factors having an effect on improvement of ADHD can lead to better outcomes and a higher adherence to medication. Materials and Methods This historical cohort study was carried out on records of 6 to 13 year old patients with ADHD during the years 2008 to 2015 in the Children's Medical Center in Tehran, Iran. Baseline characteristics of patients such as gender, birth weight, the age of the first diagnosis, weight, severity of ADHD at the baseline, time duration of receiving the Methylphenidate, types of comorbidity, and dosage of Methylphenidate were extracted from hospital records. The Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) was used to develop a multivariable model. This model is based on a stepwise procedure. Results One hundred and thirty-nine children (75. 5% boys, mean age of 97. 8± 26. 8 months) were assessed. Time duration of receiving Methylphenidate (OR=1. 06; p< 0. 001), severity of ADHD at the baseline (OR=0. 94; p< 0. 001), and dosage of Methylphenidate (OR=2. 34; p< 0. 001) had a significant relationship with improvement. In this study any relationship between improvement of ADHD and other factors was not found. Conclusion In this study, the clinical severity of ADHD at baseline, logarithm of dosage of Methylphenidate, and time duration of receiving the Methylphenidate were associated with improvement of ADHD.

In the last 50 years, numerous methods of neuro-psychological assessment have been developed to fill in a gap in the medical diagnostics for locating brain lesions or functional deficits. ADHD is a common psychiatric disorder of the childhood which mainly presents with impulsivity and inattentiveness. It is a major focus of attention for neuropsychologists. One of the important etiological hypotheses of ADHD is the impaired function of the frontal cortex associated with slow metabolism and hypo perfusion as well as impairments in the normal connections between cortical and sub cortical structures. Despite a wide consensus over the associated neuropsychological deficits, there are a few related fields in which many inconsistencies still present. Examples include the differences related to sex and subtypes of the ADHD, the long-term maintenance of neuropsychological signs and symptoms and the efficacy of various treatment methods. To have a deep understanding, we need a more comprehensive picture of the neuropsychological profile of ADHD patients in various illness presentations.

Background: The attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most compromising mental disorders of childhood and adolescence. Subsequently, different studies in recent years were conducted on the relationship between sleep disturbances and ADHD in children. About 30% of children and 60% to 80% of adults with ADHD develop sleep disorders, which may result in cognitive and behavioral changes in the patients. The current study aimed at comparing sleep disorders in children with ADHD and their normal peers in Tabriz, Iran. Materials and Methods: The current case-control study was conducted on the target population of children within the age range of 6 to 12 years, which included 50 children with ADHD receiving medication, 55 children with ADHD symptoms without receiving any medication, and 71 normal children, all of which screened from the school students of Tabriz using the child symptom inventory-4 (CSI-4) and selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The children's sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ) was completed by their mothers and data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results: According to the results of the current study, a significant number of children with ADHD showed sleep disorder that can accounts for some degree of their behavioral dysregulation. There was a significant difference among the study groups regarding the subscales of sleep resistance and sleep duration, daytime sleep, parasomnia, and sleep apnea (p<0. 05). However, evaluation of the sleep onset delay, anxiety, and nighttime awakening hypotheses showed no significant difference between ADHD and normal children (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: Since children with ADHD usually have more sleep problems, considering the sleep quality in such children is of great importance; in the treatment of such children their sleep problems should be considered particularly.